The chemiosmotic theory for the synthesis of | vedclass

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(D) The chemiosmotic hypothesis,proposed by Peter Mitchell,explains how $ATP$ is synthesized in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It states that the ener

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Proton gradient

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(D) The chemiosmotic hypothesis,proposed by Peter Mitchell,explains how $ATP$ is synthesized in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It states that the energy for $ATP$ synthesis is derived from a proton gradient ($H^+$ gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane. As protons move down their electrochemical gradient through the $ATP$ synthase enzyme,the energy released is used to phosphorylate $ADP$ to $ATP$. Therefore,the establishment and maintenance of a proton gradient are essential for this process.

The chemiosmotic theory for the synthesis of $ATP$ in mitochondria and chloroplasts is dependent on which of the following?

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