Explain the process of obtaining alcohols from aldehydes and ketones with examples.
(N/A) Preparation: Aldehydes and ketones undergo reduction to their corresponding alcohols by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts. This process is known as catalytic hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones.
$(b)$ Catalysts: Finely divided metals such as platinum $(Pt)$,palladium $(Pd)$,or nickel $(Ni)$ are generally used for this reduction. Sodium borohydride $(NaBH_4)$ or lithium aluminium hydride $(LiAlH_4)$ can also be used to convert aldehydes and ketones into alcohols.
$(c)$ General Reaction: Aldehydes yield primary alcohols,and ketones yield secondary alcohols.
$(d)$ Examples:
$CH_3CHO + H_2 \xrightarrow{Pd/Pt} CH_3CH_2OH$
$C_6H_5CHO + H_2 \xrightarrow{Pd/Pt} C_6H_5CH_2OH$
$CH_3COCH_3 + H_2 \xrightarrow{NaBH_4} CH_3CH(OH)CH_3$
$C_6H_5COCH_3 + H_2 \xrightarrow{LiAlH_4} C_6H_5CH(OH)CH_3$
$(b)$ Catalysts: Finely divided metals such as platinum $(Pt)$,palladium $(Pd)$,or nickel $(Ni)$ are generally used for this reduction. Sodium borohydride $(NaBH_4)$ or lithium aluminium hydride $(LiAlH_4)$ can also be used to convert aldehydes and ketones into alcohols.
$(c)$ General Reaction: Aldehydes yield primary alcohols,and ketones yield secondary alcohols.
$(d)$ Examples:
$CH_3CHO + H_2 \xrightarrow{Pd/Pt} CH_3CH_2OH$
$C_6H_5CHO + H_2 \xrightarrow{Pd/Pt} C_6H_5CH_2OH$
$CH_3COCH_3 + H_2 \xrightarrow{NaBH_4} CH_3CH(OH)CH_3$
$C_6H_5COCH_3 + H_2 \xrightarrow{LiAlH_4} C_6H_5CH(OH)CH_3$
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Similar Questions
What are $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions?
$CH_2O \xrightarrow[(ii) H_3O^+]{(i) X} CH_3(CH_2)_2CH_2OH$
$Y \xrightarrow[(ii) H_3O^+]{(i) C_2H_5MgBr} CH_3CH_2C(CH_3)_2OH$
$CH_2O \xrightarrow[(ii) H_3O^+]{(i) X} CH_3(CH_2)_2CH_2OH$
$Y \xrightarrow[(ii) H_3O^+]{(i) C_2H_5MgBr} CH_3CH_2C(CH_3)_2OH$
Explain the method of obtaining alcohols from carboxylic acids and esters.
Difficult
View SolutionWhich of the following alcohols is $NOT$ prepared by acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes?
Show how you would synthesize the following alcohols from appropriate alkenes:
$(i)$ $1$-methylcyclohexanol
$(ii)$ $3$-methylhexan-$3$-ol
$(iii)$ pentan-$2$-ol
$(iv)$ $2$-cyclohexylbutan-$2$-ol
$(i)$ $1$-methylcyclohexanol
$(ii)$ $3$-methylhexan-$3$-ol
$(iii)$ pentan-$2$-ol
$(iv)$ $2$-cyclohexylbutan-$2$-ol
Difficult
View SolutionWhich reaction will give $CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH(OH)-CH_3$ as a major product?
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