Which physical quantity is conserved in both elastic and inelastic collisions?

An engine is attached to a wagon through a shock absorber of length $1.5\, \text{m}$. The system with a total mass of $40,000\, \text{kg}$ is moving with a speed of $72\, \text{km/h}$ when the brakes are applied to bring it to rest. In the process of the system being brought to rest,the spring of the shock absorber gets compressed by $1.0\, \text{m}$. If $90\, \%$ of the energy of the wagon is lost due to friction,the spring constant is $....\, \times 10^{5}\, \text{N/m}$.

$A$ body of mass $m_1$ moving with an unknown velocity $v_1 \hat{i}$ undergoes a one-dimensional collision with a body of mass $m_2$ moving with velocity $v_2 \hat{i}$. After the collision,the bodies $m_1$ and $m_2$ move with velocities $v_3 \hat{i}$ and $v_4 \hat{i}$ respectively. If $m_2 = 0.5\, m_1$ and $v_3 = 0.5\, v_1$,find $v_1$.

$A$ block of mass '$m$' with an initial kinetic energy '$E$' moves up an inclined plane of inclination '$\theta$'. If '$\mu$' is the coefficient of friction between the plane and the body, the work done against friction before coming to rest is

$A$ particle of mass $m$ is at rest in a train moving with constant velocity with respect to the ground. Now,the particle is accelerated by a constant force $F_0$ acting along the direction of motion of the train for time $t_0$. $A$ girl in the train and a boy on the ground measure the work done by this force. Which of the following are $INCORRECT$?

$A$ bullet of mass $10 \ g$ pierces through a plate $A$ of mass $500 \ g$ and then gets embedded into a second plate $B$ of mass $1.49 \ kg$ as shown in the figure. Initially,the two plates $A$ and $B$ are at rest and move with the same velocity after the collision. The percentage loss in the initial kinetic energy of the bullet when it is between the plates $A$ and $B$ is . . . . . . (Neglect any loss of material of the plates during the collision).