Identify the given figure.

Assertion : $DNA$ fingerprinting has become a powerful tool to establish paternity and identity of criminals in rape and assault cases.
Reason : Trace evidences such as hairs,saliva,and dried semen are adequate for $DNA$ analysis.

Each individual has a unique $DNA$ fingerprint as individuals differ in

Which aspect forms the basis of $DNA$ fingerprinting?

$DNA$ fingerprinting technology was discovered by Alec Jeffreys. Consider the following statements regarding the technology:
$(a)$ It relies on $DNA$ polymorphism as the basis for identification.
$(b)$ It utilizes $VNTRs$ as probes, which are highly polymorphic.
$(c)$ Minisatellites are used to synthesize radioactive probes.
$(d)$ Gel electrophoresis is used to amplify $DNA$ fragments.
Which of the following options correctly identifies the validity of these statements?

Who discovered $DNA$ fingerprinting?