Which branch of science is associated with the production of products useful to humans by using organisms or enzymes derived from them?

Transfer of any gene into a completely different organism can be done through

What is the fate of a piece of $DNA$ carrying only the gene of interest which is transferred into an alien organism?
$A$. The piece of $DNA$ would be able to multiply itself independently in the progeny cells of the organism.
$B$. It may get integrated into the genome of the recipient.
$C$. It may multiply and be inherited along with the host $DNA$.
$D$. The alien piece of $DNA$ is not an integral part of the chromosome.
$E$. It shows the ability to replicate.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Genetic engineering is defined as .......

In which year did Cohen and Boyer isolate the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of $DNA$ from a plasmid?

Which of the following techniques gave birth to modern biotechnology?