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(A) To make bacterial cells competent to take up recombinant $DNA$,they are treated with a specific concentration of a divalent cation,such as calcium

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Ice $\rightarrow$ $42^{\circ}C$ $\rightarrow$ Ice

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(A) To make bacterial cells competent to take up recombinant $DNA$,they are treated with a specific concentration of a divalent cation,such as calcium $(Ca^{2+})$. This increases the efficiency with which $DNA$ enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall. Recombinant $DNA$ can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant $DNA$ on ice,followed by placing them briefly at $42^{\circ}C$ (heat shock),and then putting them back on ice. This enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant $DNA$.

Select the correct option to make a bacterial cell competent to take up $DNA$.

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