In the given figure of the cloning vector $pBR322$,what do '$P$' and '$Q$' represent respectively?

Which of the following bacteria is a close relative of $Salmonella$?

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$A$. Transformation	$I$. Restriction enzyme
$B$. Cloning site	$II$. Transfer $DNA$ to host bacteria
$C$. Selection	$III$. Replication
$D$. Ori	$IV$. Antibiotic

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the organism with its use in biotechnology:

$(a)$ Bacillus thuringiensis	$(i)$ Cloning vector
$(b)$ Thermus aquaticus	$(ii)$ Construction of first rDNA molecule
$(c)$ Agrobacterium tumefaciens	$(iii)$ $DNA$ polymerase
$(d)$ Salmonella typhimurium	$(iv)$ Cry proteins

$(a)\quad (b)\quad (c)\quad (d)$

Match the Column-$I$ with Column-$II$:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ $K$.$C$. Mehta	$(i)$ Fluid mosaic model
$(b)$ $P$. Maheshwari	$(ii)$ First recombinant plasmid
$(c)$ Cohen and Boyer	$(iii)$ Haploid culture
$(d)$ Singer and Nicolson	$(iv)$ Rust disease

Which of the following statements is not true?
$I.$ $DNA$, being a hydrophilic molecule, cannot pass through cell membranes.
$II.$ $Agrobacterium$ $tumefaciens$ delivers a piece of $DNA$ known as $'T-DNA'$ in the $Ti$ plasmid, which transforms normal plant cells into tumour cells to produce chemicals against pathogens.
$III.$ Retrovirus, adenovirus, and papillomavirus are also now used as cloning vectors in animals because of their ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.
$IV.$ In genetic engineering, $DNA$ from different sources are cut with the same restriction enzymes so that both $DNA$ fragments have the same kind of sticky ends.
Choose the correct option.