$A$ plano-convex lens of refractive index $\mu_1$ fits exactly into a plano-concave lens of refractive index $\mu_2$. Their plane surfaces are parallel to each other. $R$ is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the lenses. The focal length of the combination is:

An object is located $4 \ m$ from the first of two thin converging lenses of focal lengths $2 \ m$ and $1 \ m,$ respectively. The lenses are separated by $3 \ m$. The final image formed by the second lens is located from the source at a distance of (in $m$):

$(a)$ Determine the 'effective focal length' of the combination of two lenses,a convex lens of focal length $30 \; cm$ and a concave lens of focal length $20 \; cm$,if they are placed $8.0 \; cm$ apart with their principal axes coincident. Does the answer depend on which side of the combination a beam of parallel light is incident? Is the notion of effective focal length of this system useful at all?
$(b)$ An object $1.5 \; cm$ in size is placed on the side of the convex lens in the arrangement $(a)$ above. The distance between the object and the convex lens is $40 \; cm$. Determine the magnification produced by the two-lens system,and the size of the image.

$A$ convex lens of focal length $84 \ cm$ is in contact with a concave lens of focal length $12 \ cm$. The power of the combination (in diopters) is:

In the given optical instrument,how can a third lens of the same focal length be inserted to increase the light-collecting efficiency without changing the positions of the object and the image? Calculate the position of that lens.

If two lenses of $+5$ diopters are mounted at some distance apart,the equivalent power will always be negative if the distance is