$A$ parallel plate capacitor of capacitance $C_1$ with a dielectric slab in between its plates is connected to a battery. It has a potential difference $V_1$ across its plates. When the dielectric slab is removed,keeping the capacitor connected to the battery,the new capacitance and potential difference are $C_2$ and $V_2$ respectively. Then:

Explain the effect of a dielectric on the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor and obtain the formula for the dielectric constant.

$A$ parallel plate capacitor of capacitance $C$ has spacing $d$ between two plates having area $A$. The region between the plates is filled with $N$ dielectric layers,parallel to its plates,each with thickness $\delta = \frac{d}{N}$. The dielectric constant of the $m^{\text{th}}$ layer is $K_m = K(1 + \frac{m}{N})$. For a very large $N (> 10^3)$,the capacitance $C$ is $\alpha \left( \frac{K \varepsilon_0 A}{d \ln 2} \right)$. The value of $\alpha$ will be. . . . . . . .
[$\varepsilon_0$ is the permittivity of free space]

The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is halved and a dielectric medium of relative permittivity $10$ is introduced between the plates. The ratio of the final and initial capacitances of the capacitor is

$A$ parallel plate capacitor with width $4\,cm$,length $8\,cm$ and separation between the plates of $4\,mm$ is connected to a battery of $20\,V$. $A$ dielectric slab of dielectric constant $5$ having length $1\,cm$,width $4\,cm$ and thickness $4\,mm$ is inserted between the plates of the parallel plate capacitor. The electrostatic energy of this system will be ......... $\epsilon_{0}\,J$. (Where $\epsilon_{0}$ is the permittivity of free space)

$A$ parallel plate capacitor with plate area $A$ and plate separation $d$ has a capacitance of $4 \, \mu F$. The new capacitance of the system if half of the space between them is filled with a dielectric material of dielectric constant $K = 3$ (as shown in figure) will be .........$ \mu F$.