A dipole is placed in a uniform electric fiel | vedclass

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(A) The potential energy $U$ of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field $E$ is given by the formula:$U = -\vec{p} \cdot \vec{E} = -pE \cos 	he

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(A) The potential energy $U$ of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field $E$ is given by the formula:$U = -\vec{p} \cdot \vec{E} = -pE \cos 	heta$where $p$ is the dipole moment,$E$ is the electric field magnitude,and $	heta$ is the angle between the dipole axis and the electric field.For the potential energy $U$ to be minimum,the value of $\cos 	heta$ must be maximum.The maximum value of $\cos 	heta$ is $1$,which occurs when $	heta = 0^{\circ}$.Therefore,the potential energy is minimum when the dipole is aligned parallel to the electric field.

$A$ dipole is placed in a uniform electric field,its potential energy will be minimum when the angle between its axis and field is

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