Transformation is a process in which ..........

The different basic steps of genetic engineering are given below randomly:
$I.$ Identification of $DNA$ with desirable genes
$II.$ Gene transfer
$III.$ Maintenance of $DNA$ in host and gene cloning
$IV.$ Introduction of $DNA$ into host to form recombinant $DNA$
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps?

Which of the following steps is $NOT$ used in the creation of Genetically Modified Organisms ($GMO$s)?

After $4$ $PCR$ cycles,how many $DNA$ molecules are formed from one $DNA$ template molecule?

$A$ transformed bacterium with a human gene fails to produce the desired protein. The reason could be:

On what basis are $DNA$ fragments separated in agarose gel electrophoresis?