When a proton collides with a $_3Li^7$ nucleus and results in a $_4Be^8$ nucleus,the emitted particle is:

The minimum kinetic energy needed by an alpha particle to cause the nuclear reaction ${ }_{7}^{16} N +{ }_{2}^{4} He \rightarrow{ }_{1}^{1} H +{ }_{8}^{19} O$ in a laboratory frame is $n$ (in $MeV$). Assume that ${ }_{7}^{16} N$ is at rest in the laboratory frame. The masses of ${ }_{7}^{16} N, { }_{2}^{4} He, { }_{1}^{1} H$ and ${ }_{8}^{19} O$ can be taken to be $16.006 \ u, 4.003 \ u, 1.008 \ u$ and $19.003 \ u$,respectively,where $1 \ u = 930 \ MeV/c^2$. The value of $n$ is. . . . .

The binding energy of deuteron is $2.2 \, MeV$ and that of $_2^4He$ is $28 \, MeV$. If two deuterons are fused to form one $_2^4He$,then the energy released is ......... $MeV$.

The $Q$ value of a nuclear reaction $A+b \rightarrow C+d$ is defined by $Q=\left[m_{A}+m_{b}-m_{C}-m_{d}\right] c^{2}$ where the masses refer to the respective nuclei. Determine from the given data the $Q$ value of the following reactions and state whether the reactions are exothermic or endothermic.
$(i) \;_{1}^{1} H+_{1}^{3} H \rightarrow_{1}^{2} H+_{1}^{2} H$
$(ii)\;_{6}^{12} C+_{6}^{12} C \rightarrow_{10}^{20} N e+_{2}^{4} H e$
Atomic masses are given to be:
$m(_{1}^{1}H) = 1.007825 \; u$
$m(_{1}^{2}H) = 2.014102 \; u$
$m(_{1}^{3}H) = 3.016049 \; u$
$m(_{6}^{12}C) = 12.000000 \; u$
$m(_{10}^{20}Ne) = 19.992439 \; u$
$m(_{2}^{4}He) = 4.002603 \; u$

Suppose we think of the fission of a $^{56}_{26} Fe$ nucleus into two equal fragments,$^{28}_{13} Al$. Is the fission energetically possible? Argue by working out the $Q$-value of the process.
Given: $m(^{56}_{26} Fe) = 55.93494 \; u$ and $m(^{28}_{13} Al) = 27.98191 \; u$.

Let $E_1$ and $E_2$ be the binding energies of two nuclei $A$ and $B.$ It is observed that two nuclei of $A$ combine together to form a $B$ nucleus. This observation is correct only if