The essential distinction between $X$-rays and $\gamma$-rays is that:

  • A
    $X$-rays are produced by the nucleus,while $\gamma$-rays are an atomic property.
  • B
    $X$-rays are an atomic property,while $\gamma$-rays are produced by the nucleus.
  • C
    The frequency of $\gamma$-rays is lower than that of $X$-rays.
  • D
    The velocity of $\gamma$-rays is lower than that of $X$-rays.

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If the energy of an electron in the $K$-shell is $40000 \,eV$ and an accelerating potential of $60000 \,eV$ is applied across a Coolidge tube,which of the following $X$-rays will be obtained?

When are characteristic $X$-ray emissions produced?

The distance between interatomic lattice planes is $10\ \mathring A$. The maximum wavelength of $X$-rays that can be diffracted by this crystal is ......$\mathring A$.

The minimum wavelength of the $X$-rays produced at an accelerating potential $V$ is $\lambda$. If the accelerating potential is changed to $2V$, then the minimum wavelength would become:

$A$ charged gold leaf electroscope has its leaves apart by a certain amount with enclosed air. When the electroscope is subjected to $X$-rays,then the leaves

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