The wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray produced by an $X$-ray tube is $0.76 \ \mathring{A}$. The atomic number of the anode material is ...

$X$-rays of wavelength $\lambda$ are reflected from parallel planes of atoms in a crystal with spacing $d$ between two planes, as shown in the figure. If the two reflected beams interfere constructively, then the condition for maxima will be (where $n$ is the order of the interference fringe):

Moseley's law for characteristic $X$-rays is given by $\sqrt{f} = a(Z - b)$. Choose the correct statement.

In producing $X$-rays,a beam of electrons accelerated by a potential difference $V$ is made to strike a metal target. For what value of $V$ will the $X$-rays have the lowest wavelength of $0.3094 \ \mathring{A}$? (in $kV$)

The binding energy of the innermost electron in tungsten is $40 \text{ keV}$. To produce characteristic $X$-rays using a tungsten target in an $X$-ray tube,the potential difference $V$ between the cathode and the anti-cathode should be:

The penetrating power of $X-$rays increases with the