$A$ nucleus of mass $M + \Delta m$ at rest decays into two daughter nuclei of equal mass $M/2$. If the speed of light is $c$,the speed of each daughter nucleus is:

  • A
    $c\sqrt {\frac{{\Delta m}}{{M + \Delta m}}} $
  • B
    $c\frac{{\Delta m}}{{M + \Delta m}}$
  • C
    $c\sqrt {\frac{{2\Delta m}}{M}} $
  • D
    $c\sqrt {\frac{{\Delta m}}{M}} $

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The $Q$ value of a nuclear reaction $A+b \rightarrow C+d$ is defined by $Q=\left[m_{A}+m_{b}-m_{C}-m_{d}\right] c^{2}$ where the masses refer to the respective nuclei. Determine from the given data the $Q$ value of the following reactions and state whether the reactions are exothermic or endothermic.
$(i) \;_{1}^{1} H+_{1}^{3} H \rightarrow_{1}^{2} H+_{1}^{2} H$
$(ii)\;_{6}^{12} C+_{6}^{12} C \rightarrow_{10}^{20} N e+_{2}^{4} H e$
Atomic masses are given to be:
$m(_{1}^{1}H) = 1.007825 \; u$
$m(_{1}^{2}H) = 2.014102 \; u$
$m(_{1}^{3}H) = 3.016049 \; u$
$m(_{6}^{12}C) = 12.000000 \; u$
$m(_{10}^{20}Ne) = 19.992439 \; u$
$m(_{2}^{4}He) = 4.002603 \; u$

For the following two nuclear reactions,the atomic number and mass number of nuclei $X$ and $Y$ are respectively:
$(I) \, _{92}^{235}U + _{0}^{1}n \rightarrow X + _{35}^{85}Br + 3 _{0}^{1}n$
$(II) \, _{3}^{6}Li + _{1}^{2}H \rightarrow Y + _{2}^{4}He$

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