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(A) We know that the electric field $\overrightarrow{E}$ is related to the electric potential $\phi$ by the relation $\overrightarrow{E} = -
abla \ph

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Planes parallel to the $yz$-plane

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(A) We know that the electric field $\overrightarrow{E}$ is related to the electric potential $\phi$ by the relation $\overrightarrow{E} = -
abla \phi$.The equipotential surface is defined as a surface where the potential $\phi$ is constant,which implies that the electric field $\overrightarrow{E}$ must be perpendicular to the surface at every point.Since the electric field is directed along the $x$-axis,the surfaces perpendicular to this field must lie in the plane formed by the other two axes,which are the $y$ and $z$ axes.Therefore,the equipotential surfaces are planes parallel to the $yz$-plane.

For an electric field that increases in magnitude along the $x$-direction,what is the nature of the equipotential surfaces?

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