The depletion layer consists of .......

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(D) The depletion layer is formed by the diffusion of charge carriers (holes and electrons) across the $p-n$ junction. When electrons from the $n$-reg

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Immobile ions

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(D) The depletion layer is formed by the diffusion of charge carriers (holes and electrons) across the $p-n$ junction. When electrons from the $n$-region diffuse into the $p$-region and holes from the $p$-region diffuse into the $n$-region,they recombine near the junction. This recombination leaves behind ionized donor atoms in the $n$-side (which become positively charged) and ionized acceptor atoms in the $p$-side (which become negatively charged). These ionized atoms are fixed in the crystal lattice and cannot move; therefore,they are called immobile ions. Thus,the depletion region is characterized by the presence of these immobile ions,creating an electric field that prevents further diffusion. Therefore,option $D$ is the correct answer.

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