The phenomenon of reflection of radio waves by the ionosphere is similar to:

$A$ transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$. It is surrounded by air. $A$ light ray is incident at the mid-point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure. The incident angle $\theta$ for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is

If $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ are the refractive indices of the materials of core and cladding of an optical fibre,then the loss of light due to its leakage can be minimised by having

The critical angle for light going from medium $A$ into medium $B$ is $\theta$. The speed of light in medium $A$ is $V_A$. What is the speed of light in medium $B$?

Explain the use of optical fibre in the medical field.

$A$ glass prism of refractive index $1.5$ is immersed in water (refractive index $4/3$). $A$ light beam incident normally on the face $AB$ is totally reflected to reach the face $BC$ if