For the equation $2x^2 - 2(m^2 + 1)x + m^4 + m^2 + 1 = 0$,if $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the roots,then $\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = \dots$

If $\alpha, \beta$ and $\gamma$ are the roots of the equation $x^3+p x^2+q x+r=0$,then the coefficient of $x$ in the cubic equation whose roots are $\alpha(\beta+\gamma), \beta(\gamma+\alpha)$ and $\gamma(\alpha+\beta)$ is

If $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are the roots of $x^3+ax^2+bx+c=0$,then find the value of $\sum \frac{1}{\alpha}$,given that $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are non-zero.

If $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are the roots of the equation $x^3-9x^2+23x-15=0$,then $\alpha^3+\beta^3+\gamma^3=$

If the roots of the equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ are $l$ and $2l$,then

If the sum of two of the roots of ${x^3} + p{x^2} + qx + r = 0$ is zero,then $pq =$