$X$-rays do not undergo diffraction because of their .....

The typical wavelength of $X$-ray is

The intensity of the $X$-ray beam emitted in an $X$-ray tube is increased by........

The minimum frequency $\nu$ of continuous $X$-rays is related to the applied potential difference $V$ as

The wavelength of the $L_\alpha$ $X$-ray line of $Pt^{78}$ is $1.32 \, \mathring A$. The wavelength of the $L_\alpha$ line in the $X$-ray spectrum of another unknown element is $4.17 \, \mathring A$. If the screening constant for the $L_\alpha$ line is $7.4$,then the atomic number of the unknown element is:

The wavelength of the ${K_\alpha }$ line in copper is $1.54 \mathring A$. The ionisation energy of the $K$ electron in copper in Joules is: