The energy of $X$-rays with a wavelength of $1.65 \, \mathring{A}$ is ............. $keV$ (Given: $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34} \, J \cdot s$,$c = 3 \times 10^{8} \, m/s$,$1 \, eV = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, J$). (in $.5$)

$X$-rays and $\gamma$-rays of the same energies may be distinguished by

If $\lambda_{Cu}$ is the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray line of copper (atomic number $Z = 29$) and $\lambda_{Mo}$ is the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray line of molybdenum (atomic number $Z = 42$),then the ratio $\frac{\lambda_{Cu}}{\lambda_{Mo}}$ is close to:

An $X$-ray tube is operating at $50 kV$ and $20 mA$. The target material of the tube has a mass of $1.0 kg$ and specific heat $495 J kg^{-1} {}^\circ C^{-1}$. One percent of the supplied electric power is converted into $X$-rays and the entire remaining energy goes into heating the target. Then:

How are $X$-rays produced in the laboratory?

An $X$-ray tube is operated at $50\, kV$. The minimum wavelength produced is ....... $\mathring{A}$.