Which of the following lanthanoid elements ex | vedclass

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Question

(D) The lanthanoids typically exhibit a $+3$ oxidation state. However,some elements show $+2$ or $+4$ oxidation states due to stable electronic config

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$Eu$

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(D) The lanthanoids typically exhibit a $+3$ oxidation state. However,some elements show $+2$ or $+4$ oxidation states due to stable electronic configurations (like half-filled or fully-filled $f$-orbitals). $Eu$ ($Europium$,atomic number $63$) has the electronic configuration $[Xe] 4f^7 6s^2$. By losing two electrons from the $6s$ orbital,it forms the $Eu^{2+}$ ion,which has a stable half-filled $4f^7$ configuration. Thus,$Eu$ commonly exhibits both $+2$ and $+3$ oxidation states.

Which of the following lanthanoid elements exhibits common oxidation states of $+2$ and $+3$?

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