$A$ closed planar wire loop of area $A$ and arbitrary shape is placed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $B$,with its plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. The resistance of the wire loop is $R$. The loop is now turned upside down by $180^o$ so that its plane again becomes perpendicular to the magnetic field. The total charge that must have flowed through the wire ring in the process is

"The polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current which opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it." This statement is known as . . . . . . law.

In electromagnetic induction,the induced charge in a coil is independent of

$A$ conducting loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field with its plane perpendicular to the field. An $emf$ is induced in the loop if:
$(a)$ It is translated (inside the field)
$(b)$ It is rotated about its axis
$(c)$ It is rotated about a diameter
$(d)$ It is deformed

Assertion $(A):$ The bar magnet falling vertically along the axis of the horizontal coil will have an acceleration less than $g$.
Reason $(R):$ Clockwise current is induced in the coil.

The diagram below shows two circular loops of wire ($A$ and $B$) centred on and perpendicular to the $X$-axis and oriented with their planes parallel to each other. The $Y$-axis passes vertically through loop $A$ (dashed line). There is a current $I_B$ in loop $B$ as shown in the diagram. Possible actions which we might perform on loop $A$ are:
$(I)$ move $A$ to the right along $X$-axis closer to $B$
$(II)$ move $A$ to the left along $X$-axis away from $B$
$(III)$ as viewed from above,rotate $A$ clockwise about $Y$-axis
$(IV)$ as viewed from above,rotate $A$ anti-clockwise about $Y$-axis
Which of the actions will induce a current in $A$ only in the direction shown?