$Escherichia$ $coli$ $(E. coli)$ is widely used in biological research because:

Which of the following restriction enzymes used in recombinant $DNA$ technology produces staggered cuts (sticky ends) in $DNA$?

In the given figure of the cloning vector $pBR322$,what do '$P$' and '$Q$' represent respectively?

Which of the following statements is not true?
$I.$ $DNA$, being a hydrophilic molecule, cannot pass through cell membranes.
$II.$ $Agrobacterium$ $tumefaciens$ delivers a piece of $DNA$ known as $'T-DNA'$ in the $Ti$ plasmid, which transforms normal plant cells into tumour cells to produce chemicals against pathogens.
$III.$ Retrovirus, adenovirus, and papillomavirus are also now used as cloning vectors in animals because of their ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.
$IV.$ In genetic engineering, $DNA$ from different sources are cut with the same restriction enzymes so that both $DNA$ fragments have the same kind of sticky ends.
Choose the correct option.

Match the following items in List-$I$ with List-$II$:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(a)$ Gel electrophoresis	$(1)$ Amplification of gene of interest
$(b)$ $PCR$	$(2)$ Separation of $DNA$ fragments
$(c)$ Bioreactor	$(3)$ Plasmid
$(d)$ Cloning vector	$(4)$ Production of desired product

Assertion : In recombinant $DNA$ technology,human genes are often transferred into bacteria (prokaryotes) or yeast (eukaryote).
Reason : Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population,which express the desired gene.