$A$ ball of mass $1\,kg$ moving with a velocity of $4\,m/s$ collides with a stationary ball of mass $M$. The collision is oblique. After the collision,the first ball moves at a right angle to its initial direction with a velocity of $3\,m/s$. The momentum of the second ball (in $kg\cdot m/s$) after the collision would be nearly:

$A$ man is slipping on a frictionless inclined plane and a bag falls down from the same height. Then the velocity of both is related as

Answer the following:
$(a)$ The casing of a rocket in flight burns up due to friction. At whose expense is the heat energy required for burning obtained? The rocket or the atmosphere?
$(b)$ Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due to the sun is not normal to the comet's velocity in general. Yet the work done by the gravitational force over every complete orbit of the comet is zero. Why?
$(c)$ An artificial satellite orbiting the earth in a very thin atmosphere loses its energy gradually due to dissipation against atmospheric resistance,however small. Why then does its speed increase progressively as it comes closer and closer to the earth?
$(d)$ In Figure $(i)$ the man walks $2\; m$ carrying a mass of $15\; kg$ on his hands. In Figure $(ii)$,he walks the same distance pulling the rope behind him. The rope goes over a pulley,and a mass of $15\; kg$ hangs at its other end. In which case is the work done greater?

$A$ man of mass $60$ $kg$ wants to lose $5$ $kg$ of mass by climbing up and down stairs. Assume that twice the amount of fat is burned while climbing up compared to climbing down. If burning $1$ $kg$ of fat provides $7000$ $kcal$ of energy, how many times must he climb up and down the stairs to lose $5$ $kg$ of mass (in $\times$)? (Assume the energy spent in climbing up is $20$ $kcal$ and climbing down is $10$ $kcal$ per trip).

$A$ set of $n$ identical cubical blocks lies at rest parallel to each other along a line on a smooth horizontal surface. The separation between the near surfaces of any two adjacent blocks is $L$. The block at one end is given a speed $v$ towards the next one at time $t = 0$. All collisions are completely inelastic,then

$A$ person trying to lose weight (dieter) lifts a $10\; kg$ mass,one thousand times,to a height of $0.5\; m$ each time. Assume that the potential energy lost each time she lowers the mass is dissipated.
$(a)$ How much work does she do against the gravitational force?
$(b)$ Fat supplies $3.8 \times 10^{7} \;J$ of energy per kilogram which is converted to mechanical energy with a $20\%$ efficiency rate. How much fat will the dieter use up?