$A$ cylindrical metal rod of length $L_0$ is shaped into a ring with a small gap as shown. On heating the system,

$A$ solid rectangular sheet has two different coefficients of linear expansion $\alpha_{1}$ and $\alpha_{2}$ along its length and breadth respectively. The coefficient of surface expansion is (for $\alpha_{1} \Delta t \ll 1, \alpha_{2} \Delta t \ll 1$):

The coefficient of linear expansion depends on

The difference in length between an iron rod and a copper rod is $10 \ cm$ at all temperatures. If ${\alpha _{Fe}} = 11 \times {10^{ - 6}} \, ^\circ C^{ - 1}$ and ${\alpha _{Cu}} = 17 \times {10^{ - 6}} \, ^\circ C^{ - 1}$,what are their lengths respectively?

At some temperature $T$,a bronze pin is slightly too large to fit into a hole drilled in a steel block. The change in temperature required for an exact fit is minimum when:

$A$ bimetallic strip is formed out of two identical strips, one of copper and the other of brass. The coefficients of linear expansion of the two metals are $\alpha_C$ and $\alpha_B$. On heating, the temperature of the strip increases by $\Delta T$ and the strip bends to form an arc of radius $R$. Then $R$ is proportional to