$A$ particle is executing $SHM$ with amplitude $A,$ time period $T,$ maximum acceleration $a_0$ and maximum velocity $v_0.$ It starts from the mean position at $t=0.$ At time $t,$ it has displacement $A/2,$ acceleration $a,$ and velocity $v.$ Then:

Two masses $m$ and $\frac{m}{2}$ are connected at the two ends of a massless rigid rod of length $l$. The rod is suspended by a thin wire of torsional constant $k$ at the centre of mass of the rod-mass system (see figure). Because of the torsional constant $k$,the restoring torque is $\tau = k\theta$ for an angular displacement $\theta$. If the rod is rotated by $\theta_0$ and released,the tension in it when it passes through its mean position will be

For a particle executing $S.H.M.$,where $x$ is the displacement from the equilibrium position,$v$ is the velocity at any instant,and $a$ is the acceleration at any instant,then:

$A$ mass $m$ oscillates with simple harmonic motion with frequency $f = \frac{\omega}{2\pi}$ and amplitude $A$ on a spring with constant $K$. Therefore:

The displacement-time graph of a particle executing $SHM$ is shown. Which of the following statements is wrong?

Phase space diagrams are useful tools in analyzing all kinds of dynamical problems. They are especially useful in studying the changes in motion as initial position and momentum are changed. Here we consider some simple dynamical systems in one-dimension. For such systems, phase space is a plane in which position is plotted along the horizontal axis and momentum is plotted along the vertical axis. The phase space diagram is the $x(t)$ vs. $p(t)$ curve in this plane. The arrow on the curve indicates the time flow. For example, the phase space diagram for a particle moving with constant velocity is a straight line as shown in the figure. We use the sign convention in which position or momentum upwards (or to the right) is positive and downwards (or to the left) is negative.
$1.$ The phase space diagram for a ball thrown vertically up from the ground is:
$2.$ The phase space diagram for simple harmonic motion is a circle centered at the origin. In the figure, the two circles represent the same oscillator but for different initial conditions, and $E_1$ and $E_2$ are the total mechanical energies respectively. Then:
$(A) E_1 = \sqrt{2} E_2$
$(B) E_1 = 2 E_2$
$(C) E_1 = 4 E_2$
$(D) E_1 = 16 E_2$
$3.$ Consider the spring-mass system, with the mass submerged in water, as shown in the figure. The phase space diagram for one cycle of this system is:
Give the answer for questions $1, 2,$ and $3.$