$A$ rod is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. What is the stress developed when the temperature is increased by $40\,^{\circ}C$?
$[\alpha = 5\, \times\, 10^{-5}\,^{\circ}C^{-1},\, Y = 5\, \times\, 10^{11}\, N/m^2]$

Below are two statements. One is labeled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other as Reason $(R).$
Assertion $(A):$ The property of an object that allows it to regain its original shape after the external force applied to it is removed is called elasticity.
Reason $(R):$ The restoring force depends on the intermolecular and interatomic forces in a solid.
In the context of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The lower surface of a cube is fixed. On its upper surface,a force is applied at an angle of $30^{\circ}$ from its surface. The change will be of the type:

What is the shape of the graph of stress $\to$ strain up to the elastic limit?

If the temperature increases,the modulus of elasticity

Two wires as shown in the figure below, made of steel, have a breaking stress of $12 \times 10^8 \text{ N/m}^2$. The area of cross-section of the upper wire is $0.008 \text{ cm}^2$ and that of the lower wire is $0.004 \text{ cm}^2$. The maximum mass that can be added to the pan without breaking any wire is . . . . . . kg. (Take $g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2$)