An ideal gas is compressed isothermally until its pressure is doubled and then allowed to expand adiabatically to regain its original volume ($\gamma = 1.4$ and $2^{-1.4} = 0.38$). The ratio of the final to initial pressure is (in $: 1$)

Suppose an ideal gas ($n$ moles) undergoes an expansion process $P = f(V)$ which passes through the point $(V_0, P_0)$. If the slope of the curve $P = f(V)$ is greater than the slope of the adiabatic curve passing through $(V_0, P_0)$,show that the gas absorbs heat at $(V_0, P_0)$.

The graph for $y = 1 - e^{-x}$ is represented by (for $x > 0$):

One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas $\left(c_{V} = \frac{3}{2} R\right)$ undergoes a cycle where it first goes isochorically from the state $\left(\frac{3}{2} P_{0}, V_{0}\right)$ to $\left(P_{0}, V_{0}\right)$,and then is isobarically contracted to the volume $\frac{1}{2} V_{0}$. It is then taken back to the initial state by a path which is a quarter ellipse on the $P-V$ diagram. The efficiency of this cycle is

An ideal gas,initially in state $(P_{12}, V_1, T_1)$ is expanded isobarically to $(P_{12}, V_2, T_2)$,then adiabatically to $(P_{34}, V_3, T_3)$. It is then contracted isobarically to $(P_{34}, V_4, T_4)$ and finally adiabatically back to the initial state. The efficiency of this cycle is

An ideal gas with pressure $P$,volume $V$ and temperature $T$ is expanded isothermally to a volume $2V$ and a final pressure $P_i$. The same gas is expanded adiabatically to a volume $2V$,the final pressure is $P_a$. In terms of the ratio of the two specific heats for the gas $\gamma$,the ratio $\frac{P_i}{P_a}$ is