An imaginary equilateral triangle $ABC$ of side length $2 \ m$ is placed in a uniform electric field $\vec{E} = 10 \ N \ C^{-1}$ as shown. Then,$V_A - V_B =$

Two concentric hollow spherical shells have radii $r$ and $R$ $(R \gg r)$. $A$ charge $Q$ is distributed on them such that the surface charge densities are equal. The electric potential at the centre is

$A$ spherical charged conductor has surface charge density $\sigma$. The electric field on its surface is $E$ and the electric potential of the conductor is $V$. Now,the radius of the sphere is halved while keeping the charge constant. The new values of the electric field and potential would be:

Define electrostatic potential energy.

$A$ thin conducting spherical shell (center at $O$) having charge $Q_0$,radius $R$ and three point charges $Q_0$,$-2Q_0$,$3Q_0$ are kept at points $A$,$B$,and $C$ respectively as shown in the figure. Find the potential at any point on the conducting shell. (Potential at infinity is assumed to be zero)

$A$ uniformly charged ring of radius $3a$ and total charge $q$ is placed in the $xy$-plane centered at the origin. $A$ point charge $q$ is moving towards the ring along the $z$-axis and has speed $v$ at $z = 4a$. The minimum value of $v$ such that it crosses the origin is