An isolated rail car originally moving with speed $v_0$ on a straight,frictionless,level track contains a large amount of sand. $A$ release valve on the bottom of the car malfunctions,and sand begins to pour out straight down relative to the rail car. What happens to the speed of the rail car as the sand pours out?

$A$ balloon with mass $m$ is descending vertically with an acceleration $a$ (where $a < g$). The mass to be removed from the balloon so that it starts moving vertically up with an acceleration $a$ is:

$A$ flexible chain of length $L = 2 \ m$ and mass $M = 1 \ kg$ is initially held in a vertical position such that its lower end just touches a horizontal surface. It is released from rest at time $t = 0$. Assuming that any part of the chain that strikes the plane immediately comes to rest and that the portion of the chain lying on the horizontal surface does not form any heap,find the height of its centre of mass above the surface at the instant $t = 1/\sqrt{5} \ s$ (before it completely comes to rest).

$A$ rocket is fired vertically up from the ground with a resultant vertical acceleration of $10\ m/s^2$. The fuel is finished in $1\ minute$ and it continues to move up. $(a)$ Find the maximum height reached. $(b)$ After how much time from then will the maximum height be reached? (Take $g = 10\ m/s^2$)

$A$ flat plate moves normally with a speed $v_1$ towards a horizontal jet of water of uniform area of cross-section. The jet discharges water at the rate of volume $V$ per second at a speed of $v_2$. The density of water is $\rho$. Assume that water splashes along the surface of the plate at right angles to the original motion. The magnitude of the force acting on the plate due to the jet of water is

The motion of a rocket in an upward direction with high speed is based on the principle of conservation of: