Base substitution caused by base analogs is known as:

The smallest unit of genetic material which,when altered,results in a mutation is known as .....

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(p)$ $AUG$	$(a)$ Transposons
$(q)$ $UGA$	$(b)$ Jacob and Monod
$(r)$ Jumping genes	$(c)$ Termination codon
$(s)$ Operon model	$(d)$ Methionine

Match the following:

Column $I$	Column $II$
$A$. $VNTR$	$p$. Largest gene
$B$. Introns and exons	$q$. $DNA$ fingerprinting
$C$. Dystrophin	$r$. Bulk $DNA$
$D$. Satellite	$s$. Splicing

Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct statements.
$(A)$ In a transcription unit,the promoter is located at the $5'$ end of the coding strand.
$(B)$ The single strand $DNA$ having the polarity $5' \rightarrow 3'$ is the template strand.
$(C)$ $RNA$ polymerase binds to the operator during transcription.
$(D)$ Single base $DNA$ differences occurring in humans are called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms $(SNPs)$.

Differentiate between the following:
$(a)$ Repetitive $DNA$ and Satellite $DNA$
$(b)$ $mRNA$ and $tRNA$
$(c)$ Template strand and Coding strand