Consider a frictionless ramp on which a smooth object is made to slide down from an initial height $h$. The distance $d$ necessary to stop the object on a flat track (of coefficient of friction $\mu$), kept at the ramp end, is:

Particle $A$ of mass $m_{1}$ moving with velocity $(\sqrt{3} \hat{i} + \hat{j}) \, m/s$ collides with another particle $B$ of mass $m_{2}$ which is at rest initially. Let $\vec{V}_{1}$ and $\vec{V}_{2}$ be the velocities of particles $A$ and $B$ after collision,respectively. If $m_{1} = 2m_{2}$ and after collision $\vec{V}_{1} = (\hat{i} + \sqrt{3} \hat{j}) \, m/s$,the angle between $\vec{V}_{1}$ and $\vec{V}_{2}$ is $......^{\circ}$.

In a one-dimensional collision between two particles,their relative velocity is $\vec{v}_1$ before the collision and $\vec{v}_2$ after the collision.

Two bodies $A$ and $B$ of mass $m$ and $2m$ respectively are placed on a smooth floor. They are connected by a spring of negligible mass. $A$ third body $C$ of mass $m$ is placed on the floor. The body $C$ moves with a velocity $v_0$ along the line joining $A$ and $B$ and collides elastically with $A$. At a certain time after the collision,it is found that the instantaneous velocities of $A$ and $B$ are the same and the compression of the spring is $x_0$. The spring constant $k$ will be

Assertion $(A)$: When we bounce a ball on the ground, it comes to rest after a few bounces, losing all its energy. This is an example of violation of conservation of energy.
Reason $(R)$: Energy can change from one form to another but the total energy is always conserved.
Which of the following is true?

$A$ large block of wood of mass $M = 5.99 \, kg$ is hanging from two long massless cords. $A$ bullet of mass $m = 10 \, g$ is fired into the block and gets embedded in it. The (block $+$ bullet) then swing upwards,their centre of mass rising a vertical distance $h = 9.8 \, cm$ before the (block $+$ bullet) pendulum comes momentarily to rest at the end of its arc. The speed of the bullet just before collision is: (Take $g = 9.8 \, ms^{-2}$) (in $m/s$)