Define alkalies and give an example.

$(a)$ Give the chemical names of acids present in:
$(i)$ ants
$(ii)$ lemon
$(iii)$ milk
$(iv)$ tomato

Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because:
$(i)$ Mineral acids are completely ionised.
$(ii)$ Carboxylic acids are completely ionised.
$(iii)$ Mineral acids are partially ionised.
$(iv)$ Carboxylic acids are partially ionised.

Dry $HCl$ gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus. Give reason.

Who proposed the acid-base theory of ionization?

How is the concentration of hydronium ions $(H_3O^+)$ affected when a solution of an acid is diluted?