In the given reaction,$C_6H_6 + HNO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4} C_6H_5NO_2 + H_2O$,$HNO_3$ acts as:

Coal tar is the main source of $....$.

Which of the following are not aromatic?

In a reaction of ${C_6H_5Y}$,the major product $(> 60\%)$ is the $m$-isomer. Therefore,the group $Y$ is:

Identify the correct statements regarding the presence of a $-NO_{2}$ group in a benzene ring:
$A$. It increases the electron density of the benzene ring.
$B$. It deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
$C$. It activates the benzene ring towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
$D$. It directs the incoming electrophile to the ortho and para positions.

$X$ can be prepared by which of the following reactions,except?