For an exothermic reaction,

The work done during the expansion of a gas from a volume of $4 \ dm^3$ to $6 \ dm^3$ against a constant external pressure of $3 \ atm$ is $(1 \ L \ atm = 101.32 \ J)$ $...... \ J$

What is meant by standard state?

$A$ system goes from $A$ to $B$ via two processes $I$ and $II$ as shown in the figure. If $\Delta U_1$ and $\Delta U_2$ are the changes in internal energies in the processes $I$ and $II$ respectively,then:

Graphically show the total work done in an expansion when the state of an ideal gas is changed reversibly and isothermally from $(P_i, V_i)$ to $(P_f, V_f)$. With the help of a $pV$ plot,compare the work done in the above case with that carried out against a constant external pressure $P_f$.

Find the constant external pressure required to expand a gas from $2.5 \ L$ to $4.5 \ L$ if the amount of work done is $500 \ J$ at $298 \ K$. (in $bar$)