| Chondrichthyes | Osteichthyes |
|---|---|
| $(1)$ Exclusively marine. | $(1)$ Both marine and freshwater. |
| $(2)$ Skin covered with placoid scales. | $(2)$ Skin covered with cycloid or ctenoid scales. |
| $(3)$ Caudal fin is heterocercal. | $(3)$ Caudal fin is homocercal. |
| $(4)$ Endoskeleton is cartilaginous. | $(4)$ Endoskeleton is bony. |
| $(5)$ $5-7$ pairs of gills; operculum absent. | $(5)$ $4$ pairs of gills; operculum present. |
| $(6)$ Fertilization is internal. | $(6)$ Fertilization is external. |
| $(7)$ Mouth is ventral. | $(7)$ Mouth is terminal. |
| $(8)$ Examples: $Scoliodon$ (shark),$Pristis$ (sawfish). | $(8)$ Examples: $Hippocampus$ (sea horse),$Labeo$ (rohu). |
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