Identify the product $P$ in the following reaction:
$R-CH(OH)-R \xrightarrow{Cu, 573 \ K} P$

$PCl_5$ reacts with a compound containing

Provide the reactions of alcohols and phenols where the $O-H$ bond breaks to form $-OCOR$ (ester) compounds.

In the given reaction,$[X]$ is:

Consider the following alcohols:
$(I)$ $C_6H_5CH_2OH$
$(II)$ $O_2N-C_6H_4-CH_2OH$ (para-nitro)
$(III)$ $CH_3O-C_6H_4-CH_2OH$ (para-methoxy)
$(IV)$ $Br-C_6H_4-CH_2OH$ (para-bromo)
The order of decreasing reactivities of these alcohols towards nucleophilic substitution with $HBr$ is:

$A$ reaction between $CH_3MgBr$ (methyl magnesium bromide) and $C_2H_5OH$ (ethyl alcohol) gives: