If $(\pm)$ $2$-methylbutanoic acid is esterified by reaction with $(\pm)$ $2$-butanol,how many optically active compounds will be present in the final equilibrium reaction mixture?

The final product $[D]$ of the reaction is
$CHCl_3$ $\xrightarrow[hv]{O_2} [A]$ $\xrightarrow{EtOH} [B]$ $\xrightarrow{2 \ mole \ MeMgBr} [C]$ $\xrightarrow{CaOCl_2} [D]$ $\xrightarrow{\Delta} CH_3-C(=O)-CH_3$

Provide the name,common formula,simple structure,and examples of homologous series containing the carbonyl group.

Assertion : The $pK_a$ of acetic acid is lower than that of phenol.
Reason : Phenoxide ion is more resonance stabilised.

Find the missing information from the following reactions:
$(i)$ $CH_3COOH \rightarrow[\Delta]{H_2SO_4/P_2O_5} ?$
$(ii)$ $? + CH_3OH \rightleftharpoons[H^{+}]{} CH_3COOCH_3 + H_2O$
$(iii)$ $3 CH_3COOH + PCl_3 \rightarrow 3 CH_3COCl + ?$
$(iv)$ $CH_3COOH + PCl_5 \rightarrow CH_3COCl + ? + HCl$
$(v)$ $C_6H_5COONa \rightarrow{?} C_6H_6$
$(vi)$ $CH_3CH_2COOH \rightarrow{\text{excess } Br_2 + \text{Red } P} ? + ?$
$(vii)$ $CH_3CH_2COOH \rightarrow{?} CH_3CH_2CH_2OH$
$(viii)$ $C_6H_5COOH \rightarrow{\text{anhydrous } AlCl_3, CH_3Cl \text{ or } CH_3COCl} ?$

The major product of the following reaction sequence is