If the binding energy of the deuterium is $2.23 \, MeV$, the mass defect in $a.m.u.$ is:

Explain the following forms and principles of energy:
$(a)$ The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
$(b)$ Nuclear Energy
$(c)$ The Principle of Conservation of Energy

The binding energy of a nucleus is a measure of its

List-$I$ shows various functional dependencies of energy $(E)$ on the atomic number $(Z)$. Energies associated with certain phenomena are given in List-$II$. Choose the option that describes the correct match between the entries in List-$I$ to those in List-$II$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(P) \ E \propto Z^2$	$(1)$ energy of characteristic $x-$rays
$(Q) \ E \propto (Z-1)^2$	$(2)$ electrostatic part of the nuclear binding energy for stable nuclei with mass numbers in the range $30$ to $170$
$(R) \ E \propto Z(Z-1)$	$(3)$ energy of continuous $x-$rays
$(S) \ E$ is practically independent of $Z$	$(4)$ average nuclear binding energy per nucleon for stable nuclei with mass number in the range $30$ to $170$
	$(5)$ energy of radiation due to electronic transitions from hydrogen-like atoms

The binding energy per nucleon for a deuteron $(_{1}^{2}H)$ and an $\alpha -$ particle $(_{2}^{4}He)$ are $x_1$ and $x_2$ respectively. The energy $(Q)$ released in the reaction $_{1}^{2}H + {}_{1}^{2}H \to {}_{2}^{4}He + Q$ is

If the binding energy per nucleon for $_3{Li}^7$ and $_2{He}^4$ nuclei are $5.60 \, MeV$ and $7.06 \, MeV$ respectively,then the energy released in the reaction $_3{Li}^7 + _1H^1 \rightarrow 2 \, _2{He}^4$ is ...... $MeV$.