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(B) In Rutherford's $\alpha$-particle scattering experiment,the scattering is caused by the electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nuc

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The number of deflected $\alpha$-particles decreases.

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(B) In Rutherford's $\alpha$-particle scattering experiment,the scattering is caused by the electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nucleus and the $\alpha$-particles. Since heavy elements have a higher nuclear charge $(Z)$ and higher mass,they exert a stronger repulsive force,leading to more significant scattering and a higher probability of backscattering. If lighter atoms are used,the nuclear charge and mass are smaller,resulting in a weaker repulsive force. Consequently,the number of $\alpha$-particles that undergo large-angle deflection or bounce back decreases significantly.

Metal	$Li$	$Na$	$K$	$Mg$	$Cu$	$Ag$
$W_0 / eV$	$2.42$	$2.3$	$2.25$	$3.7$	$4.8$	$4.3$

In the Rutherford experiment,if light atoms are used instead of heavy elements,what change is observed in the results?

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