In a thermodynamic process,$200 \ J$ of heat is given to a gas and $100 \ J$ of work is also done on it. The change in internal energy of the gas is ........ $J$.

$1 \text{ cm}^3$ of water at its boiling point absorbs $540 \text{ calories}$ of heat to become steam with a volume of $1671 \text{ cm}^3$. If the atmospheric pressure = $1.013 \times 10^5 \text{ N/m}^2$ and the mechanical equivalent of heat = $4.19 \text{ J/calorie}$, the energy spent in this process in overcoming intermolecular forces is ..... $\text{cal}$. (in $\text{cal}$)

In a cyclic process, the work done by the system is

$A$ thermodynamic system is changed from state $(P_1, V_1)$ to $(P_2, V_2)$ by two different processes. The quantity which will remain the same is

$A$ total of $48 \,J$ heat is given to one mole of helium kept in a cylinder. The temperature of helium increases by $2^{\circ} C$. The work done by the gas is : (Given,$R=8.3 \,J \,K^{-1} \,mol^{-1}$.) (in $\,J$)

The first law of thermodynamics is a special case of: