Let $A, B,$ and $C$ be three mutually independent events. Consider the two statements $S_1$ and $S_2$:
$S_1 : A$ and $B \cup C$ are independent.
$S_2 : A$ and $B \cap C$ are independent.
Then:

$A$ bag $P$ contains $5$ white marbles and $3$ black marbles. Four marbles are drawn at random from $P$ and are put in an empty bag $Q$. If a marble drawn at random from $Q$ is found to be black,then the probability that all the three black marbles in $P$ were transferred to the bag $Q$ is:

$A$ doctor is to visit a patient. From past experience,it is known that the probabilities that he will come by train,bus,scooter,or by other means of transport are respectively $\frac{3}{10}, \frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{10},$ and $\frac{2}{5}$. The probabilities that he will be late are $\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{3},$ and $\frac{1}{12}$ if he comes by train,bus,and scooter respectively,but if he comes by other means of transport,then he will not be late. When he arrives,he is late. What is the probability that he comes by train?

Let $U_1$ and $U_2$ be two urns such that $U_1$ contains $3$ white and $2$ red balls,and $U_2$ contains only $1$ white ball. $A$ fair coin is tossed. If it shows head,$1$ ball is drawn at random from $U_1$ and transferred to $U_2$. If it shows tail,$2$ balls are drawn at random from $U_1$ and transferred to $U_2$. Now,$1$ ball is drawn at random from $U_2$. Given that the ball drawn from $U_2$ is white,what is the probability that the coin showed head?

Suppose that $5 \%$ of men and $0.25 \%$ of women have grey hair. $A$ person with grey hair is selected at random. What is the probability of this person being male? Assume that there are equal numbers of males and females.

There are two balls in an urn. Each ball can be either white or black. If a white ball is put into the urn and thereafter a ball is drawn at random from the urn,then the probability that it is white is