The replica plating experiment was performed to prove which of the following concepts?

The correct meaning of natural selection is

The Darwinian variations are

Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$ - According to Darwin,the gradual,inheritable variations over a long period of time lead to speciation.
Statement $II$ - According to Hugo de Vries,mutations are the cause of variations.
In the light of above statements,select the correct option given below:

The frequency of traits increases when they are ........

Industrial melanism was highlighted by