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(N/A) The law of conservation of momentum states that in the absence of an external unbalanced force, the total momentum of a system of bodies remains

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(N/A) The law of conservation of momentum states that in the absence of an external unbalanced force, the total momentum of a system of bodies remains conserved.The two factors that determine the momentum of a body are:$(i)$ Mass of the body $(m)$$(ii)$ Velocity of the body $(v)$Given:Mass $(m)$ = $0.4 \ kg$Initial velocity $(u)$ = $10 \ m s^{-1}$Initial momentum $(p_i)$ = $m 	imes u = 0.4 \ kg 	imes 10 \ m s^{-1} = 4 \ kg \ m s^{-1}$.At the highest point of its reach, the final velocity $(v)$ of the ball becomes $0 \ m s^{-1}$.Therefore, momentum at the highest point $(p_f)$ = $m 	imes v = 0.4 \ kg 	imes 0 \ m s^{-1} = 0 \ kg \ m s^{-1}$.Change in momentum $(\Delta p)$ = $p_f - p_i = 0 - 4 = -4 \ kg \ m s^{-1}$.Time taken $(t)$ = $1 \ s$.Force $(F)$ = $\frac{\Delta p}{t} = \frac{-4 \ kg \ m s^{-1}}{1 \ s} = -4 \ N$.The negative sign indicates that the force is acting in the direction opposite to the motion (retarding force).Thus, the negatively accelerating force (retarding force) acting on the ball is $4 \ N$.

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