The compounds P,Q,and S were separately subje | vedclass

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(A) For compound $P$ ($4$-hydroxybenzoic acid),the $-OH$ group is a strong activating group and ortho/para directing. Since the para position is occup

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(A) For compound $P$ ($4$-hydroxybenzoic acid),the $-OH$ group is a strong activating group and ortho/para directing. Since the para position is occupied by $-COOH$,nitration occurs at the ortho position to the $-OH$ group.For compound $Q$ ($1$-methoxy-$4$-methylbenzene),both $-OCH_3$ and $-CH_3$ are activating groups. $-OCH_3$ is a stronger activating group than $-CH_3$. Therefore,nitration occurs ortho to the $-OCH_3$ group.For compound $S$ (phenyl benzoate),the ester group $-COO-$ is deactivating and meta-directing for the benzoyl ring,but the phenoxy ring is activated by the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom of the ester group is ortho/para directing. Due to steric hindrance,the para position of the phenoxy ring is the major site for electrophilic substitution.

The compounds $P$,$Q$,and $S$ were separately subjected to nitration using $HNO_3 / H_2SO_4$ mixture. The major product formed in each case respectively,is

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