The correct order of reactivity towards ESR ( | vedclass

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(B) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards $ESR$ depends on the electron density in the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups increase reactivi

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$ii > i > iii > iv$

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(B) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards $ESR$ depends on the electron density in the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups increase reactivity,while electron-withdrawing groups decrease it.$(i)$ Toluene: Contains a $-CH_3$ group,which is electron-donating via hyperconjugation $(+H)$ and inductive effect $(+I)$.(ii) $m$-methoxytoluene: Contains a $-CH_3$ group $(+H, +I)$ and a $-OCH_3$ group. The $-OCH_3$ group is strongly electron-donating via resonance $(+M)$. Thus,(ii) has the highest electron density.(iii) Benzaldehyde: Contains a $-CHO$ group,which is electron-withdrawing via resonance $(-M)$ and inductive effect $(-I)$.(iv) $p$-nitrobenzaldehyde: Contains a $-CHO$ group and a $-NO_2$ group. Both are strongly electron-withdrawing ($-M$ and $-I$). This compound has the lowest electron density.Comparing the substituents:(ii) has both $+H$ and $+M$ effects.$(i)$ has only $+H$ effect.(iii) has a $-M$ effect.(iv) has two strong $-M$ effects.Therefore,the order of reactivity is $(ii) > (i) > (iii) > (iv)$.

The correct order of reactivity towards $ESR$ (Electrophilic Substitution Reaction) is:

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