The dehydration of malonic acid $CH_2(COOH)_2$ with $P_4O_{10}$ gives:

$CCl_4$ $\xrightarrow{Aq. KOH} A$ $\xrightarrow[ii) H_3O^+]{i) CH_3MgBr} B$
Which of the following is correct about $B$?

The labelled carbon in $Ph-CH_2-^{14}CO_2H$ goes with which product upon oxidation with $KMnO_4, HO^-, \Delta$ followed by $H_3O^+$?

Between $CH_3COOH$ and $HCOOH$,$HCOOH$ will be:

Given below are two statements :
Statement $I :$ The esterification of carboxylic acid with an alcohol is a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
Statement $II :$ Electron withdrawing groups in the carboxylic acid will increase the rate of esterification reaction.
Choose the most appropriate option

Determine the decreasing order of the acidic nature of the given compounds $P$,$Q$,$R$,and $S$.