The electric field in a region is radially outward and at a point is given by $E = 250 r \, V/m$ (where $r$ is the distance of the point from the origin). Calculate the charge contained in a sphere of radius $20 \, cm$ centered at the origin in Coulombs $(C)$.

$A$ solid metal sphere of radius $R$ having charge $q$ is enclosed inside a concentric spherical shell of inner radius $a$ and outer radius $b$ as shown in the figure. The approximate variation of the electric field $\overrightarrow{E}$ as a function of distance $r$ from the centre $O$ is given by:

$\sigma$ is the uniform surface charge density of a thin spherical shell of radius $R$. The electric field at any point on the surface of the spherical shell is:

$(a)$ Show that the normal component of the electrostatic field has a discontinuity from one side of a charged surface to another given by $(E_2 - E_1) \cdot \hat{n} = \frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon_0}$, where $\hat{n}$ is a unit vector normal to the surface at a point and $\sigma$ is the surface charge density at that point. (The direction of $\hat{n}$ is from side $1$ to side $2$.) Hence, show that just outside a conductor, the electric field is $\frac{\sigma \hat{n}}{\varepsilon_0}$. $(b)$ Show that the tangential component of the electrostatic field is continuous from one side of a charged surface to another.

The electric field in a region is radially outward with magnitude $E = A r_0$. The charge contained in a sphere of radius $r_0$ centered at the origin is

$A$ solid ball of radius $R$ has a charge density $\rho$ given by $\rho = \rho_0 \left( 1 - \frac{r}{R} \right)$ for $0 \leq r \leq R$. The electric field outside the ball is