The half-life of a radioactive substance is $12 \text{ minutes}$. The time gap between $28 \%$ decay and $82 \%$ decay of the radioactive substance is

Two radioactive substances $A$ and $B$ have decay constants $5\lambda$ and $\lambda$ respectively. At $t = 0$,a sample has the same number of the two nuclei. The time taken for the ratio of the number of nuclei to become $(1/e)^2$ will be

$A$ radioactive nucleus can decay by two different processes. The half-lives of the first and second decay processes are $5 \times 10^3$ years and $10^5$ years respectively. Then, the effective half-life of the nucleus is

Two different radioactive elements with half-lives $T_1$ and $T_2$ have undecayed atoms $N_1$ and $N_2$ respectively, present at a given instant. The ratio of their activities at this instant is

The activity of a radioactive sample is measured as $N_0$ counts per minute at $t = 0$ and $N_0/e$ counts per minute at $t = 5$ minutes. The time (in minutes) at which the activity reduces to half its value is

${ }^{131} I$ is an isotope of Iodine that $\beta$ decays to an isotope of Xenon with a half-life of $8$ days. $A$ small amount of a serum labelled with ${ }^{131} I$ is injected into the blood of a person. The activity of the amount of ${ }^{131} I$ injected was $2.4 \times 10^5 \text{ Bq}$. It is known that the injected serum will get distributed uniformly in the blood stream in less than half an hour. After $11.5$ hours,$2.5 \text{ ml}$ of blood is drawn from the person's body,and gives an activity of $115 \text{ Bq}$. The total volume of blood in the person's body,in liters,is approximately (you may use $e^{x} \approx 1+x$ for $|x| \ll 1$ and $\ln 2 \approx 0.7$):